Entropy and Energy

InhaltsangabeClausius.- Efficiency of a Carnot engine.- First Law.- Second Law.- Entropy Inequality.- Gibbs Equation and the Value of an Integrability Condition.- Entropy Growth.- Caratheodory.- Inacessibility of States.- Boltzmann.- Kinetic Interpretation of Entropy.- Extrapolation to S=klnW.- Planck.- Quantization of Phase Space.- Kinetic Temperature.- Configurational entropy of a gas and a rubber molecule.- Microstates and distributions.- A priori equal probability.- Equilibrium as a homogeneous state.- Entropy Forces.- Entropy-Induced Elasticity.- Entropy and disorder.- Entropy and gravitational energy.- Free energy.- Planetary atmosphere.- Light hot planets and heavy cold planets. Osmosis.- Entropy of mixing.- Pfeffer tube.- Entropy and van der Waals energy.- Condensation and crystallization.- Nernst.- Third law. Entropy and chemical energy.- Additive constants in energy and entropy.- Heat of reaction.- Law of mass-action.- Haber-Bosch synthesis of ammonia.- Photosynthesis.- Thermodynamics of irreversible processes.- Principle of local equilibrium.- Clausius-Duhem inequality.- Phenomenological laws of Fourier and Navier Stokes.- Extended Thermodynamics.- Balance Equations of Moments.- Onsager Hypothesis.- Light Scattering.- Entropy Flux.- Thermodynamic and kinetic temperatures.- Zeroth Law.- Prigogine.- Principle of minimal entropy production.- Minimax principle of entropy production.- Entropy in sociology and economics.

"Entropy and Energy- a Universal Competition" is a students textbook as well as a scientific monograph. The concepts of entropy and energy embody the effects of random walk in a body and of deterministic strife respectively, and are therefore often in competition. The book gives instructive examples from elementary thermodynamics and physico-chemistry and extrapolates the notion to non-standard thermodynamic subjects like shape memory, dissipation of the earth's atmosphere, and sociology. The works of the thermodynamic pioneers are presented, in particular Clausius, Carathéodory, Boltzmann, Gibbs, and Planck. The laws of thermodynamics and their limitations are discussed; also the pertinacious Gibbs paradox. The reader has numerous possibilities to influence the programs and thus develop an understanding for the thermodynamic principles.

Clausius.- Efficiency of a Carnot engine.- First Law.- Second Law.- Entropy Inequality.- Gibbs Equation and the Value of an Integrability Condition.- Entropy Growth.- Caratheodory.- Inacessibility of States.- Boltzmann.- Kinetic Interpretation of Entropy.- Extrapolation to S=klnW.- Planck.- Quantization of Phase Space.- Kinetic Temperature.- Configurational entropy of a gas and a rubber molecule.- Microstates and distributions.- A priori equal probability.- Equilibrium as a homogeneous state.- Entropy Forces.- Entropy-Induced Elasticity.- Entropy and disorder.- Entropy and gravitational energy.- Free energy.- Planetary atmosphere.- Light hot planets and heavy cold planets. Osmosis.- Entropy of mixing.- Pfeffer tube.- Entropy and van der Waals energy.- Condensation and crystallization.- Nernst.- Third law. Entropy and chemical energy.- Additive constants in energy and entropy.- Heat of reaction.- Law of mass-action.- Haber-Bosch synthesis of ammonia.- Photosynthesis.- Thermodynamics of irreversible processes.- Principle of local equilibrium.- Clausius-Duhem inequality.- Phenomenological laws of Fourier and Navier Stokes.- Extended Thermodynamics.- Balance Equations of Moments.- Onsager Hypothesis.- Light Scattering.- Entropy Flux.- Thermodynamic and kinetic temperatures.- Zeroth Law.- Prigogine.- Principle of minimal entropy production.- Minimax principle of entropy production.- Entropy in sociology and economics.